C shell quick reference This file is a quick reference to important information about csh. History modifications: Format of history specification: [:][:] Can be one of the following: !! Previous command line. Equivalent to !-1. !-N Command line N lines ago. !N Command line N. !C Command line starting with characters C. !?C? Command line containing characters C. Can be one of the following: 0 Command word. N Word position N. N-M Word positions N through M. ^ Word position 1. $ Last word position in command. % Matches the word that the found when using !?C? form used. -N Word positions 0 through N. * Word positions 1 through $. N* Word positions N through $. N- Word positions N through $-1. Can be one of the following: h Remove trailing pathname component, leaving the head. r Remove extension. e Remove all but the extension. Also removes the period. s/N/M/ Substitute M for N. t Remove all leading pathname components leaving just the file name and extension. & Repeate the previous substitution. g Apply change globally. p Print the new command without executing it. q Quote the substituted words, preventing additional substitutions. x Like q but break into words at blanks. Variable Substitutions: Can be modified with : operator: $name ${name} $name[word] ${name[word]} $#name ${#name} $0 $N ${N} $* Cannot be modified with : operator: $?name ${?name} $?0 $$ $< Input/Output Redirection: < name Change stdin to file/device 'name'. << word Provide shell input up to line which is identical to 'word' as stdin. > name Change stdout to file/device 'name'. >! name Change stdout to file/device 'name' and override 'noclobber' variable. >& name Change stderr and stdout to file/device 'name'. >&! name Change stderr and stdout to file/device 'name' and override 'nclobber' variable. >> name Change stdout to append to file/device 'name'. >>! name Change stdout to append to file/device 'name' and override 'noclobber' variable. >>& name Change stderr and stdout to append to file/device 'name'. >>&! name Change stderr and stdout to append to file/device 'name' and override 'noclobber' variable. File Enquiries: r read access w write access x execute access e existence o ownership z zero size f plain file d directory l symbolic link c character special file b block special file p named pipe (fifo) u set-user-ID bit is set g set-group-ID bit is set k sticky bit is set s size is greater than 0 t open file descriptor for terminal device Command line parameters to csh: -b All further arguments on the command line are to be ignored. Further options are passed to a shell script run by csh. -c The rest of the arguments are a command to be run. -e Exit if any command terminates abnormally. -f Do not read any commands from .cshrc. -i Interactive even if stdin is not a terminal. -n Parse commands but don't execute them. -s Commands are read from stdin. -t A single line of input is read and executed. -v Set the 'verbose' variable. -x Set the 'echo' variable. -V Set the 'verbose' variable before reading .cshrc. -X Set the 'echo' variable before reading .cshrc.